Probate in Massachusetts

Not all estates require probate. In Massachusetts, probate is typically required if the deceased person owned assets solely in their name (not jointly owned or with a named beneficiary) or if
the estate's value exceeds $25,000 (excluding the value of a car).

The probate process begins when an interested party (usually a family member or beneficiary) files a Petition for Probate with the Probate and Family Court in the county where the deceased person lived. This petition must include:
- A certified copy of the death certificate.
- The original will (if there is one).
- A list of heirs and beneficiaries.
- The names and addresses of all interested parties.
- Information about the assets of the estate.

Once the petition is filed, the court requires the petitioner to notify all interested parties (heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, etc.). Notice of the probate proceedings must also be published in a local newspaper to alert any potential creditors or other parties who may have an interest in the estate.

If the will names an executor (called a "personal representative" in Massachusetts), the court will typically appoint them unless there is a valid objection. If there is no will or the named executor is unable or unwilling to serve, the court will appoint someone else, usually a family member, to act as the personal representative.

The personal representative is responsible for gathering and inventorying all assets of the estate. This includes real estate, bank accounts, investments, personal property, and any other assets. The representative must also obtain an appraisal of any assets that do not have a readily ascertainable value.

The personal representative must pay all valid debts and taxes owed by the estate. This may include:
- Funeral expenses.
- Outstanding bills or loans.
- Taxes (federal and state estate taxes, income taxes, etc.).

Creditors have one year from the date of death to file claims against the estate. The personal representative must ensure these claims are settled before distributing the remaining assets.

After all debts, expenses, and taxes have been paid, the personal representative can distribute the remaining assets to the beneficiaries according to the will or, if there is no will, according to Massachusetts intestacy laws. The representative must provide a detailed account of all transactions made on behalf of the estate to the court and beneficiaries.

Once all assets have been distributed, the personal representative must file a final accounting with the court, documenting all actions taken, including payments of debts and distributions to beneficiaries. The court reviews this report, and if everything is in order, the estate is officially closed, and the personal representative is discharged from their duties.